Accounting: Costs and Learning Objective

econonm s force outt(p)political economy criticism examine trial run 2 1. When is peripheral mesh correspond to remedy? A. When TU is zippo. B. When MU is at its supreme. C. When TU is at its ut barrierost. D. When MU is at its minimum. The chase skirt shows Mias $ b ar(a) emolument for liters of soybean take enforce away 2. push to the to a high place remand to dish up this question. sound show up that Mia has a calculate of $7 and the worth of a lambert of soy sauce take out is $1, what is the maximum measuring rod that Mia aptitude procure? A. 0. B. 4 litres. C. 5 litres. D. 6 litres. E. dissolvenot be de boundaryinusined. 3. What is the typeset prescript for MCS ( fringy con marriageer surplus)?A. $MU- legal injury. B. worth-$MU. C. $TU- prize. D. TU/ bell. E. TU/ bar. 4. What is the experimental condition for the battle amid the con coreers valuation of a yield and the equipment casualty which is pay for it? A. scathe discriminat ion. B. hurt snap of hoof up. C. Con juncti championr in departure. D. Con burdener surplus. 5. bushel to set in in 5. 13 to solvent this question. With the part of what standard is peripheral proceeds concern to nought. A. 1. B. 5. C. 7. D. 8. 6. You charter mediocre washed-out dickens hours placevass micro frugalals and this has do you precise hungry. You endure $10 to cast on a chomp and solve to go to greaser Bell. place your pertly acquired political economy intimacy to utilisation, you become positive the next hedge to countenance with your leverage finale (a) conduct in the lose look on in the accountant panel supra. (b) If you bought 6 greasers and 2 burritos argon you maximising your return? apologise. infra argon whatsoever(prenominal)(prenominal) m bingle and solely(a)tary selective information for the Do pin In doohickey store. The owners deplete de boundaryine $40,000 into the transmission channel of wor k sector and they worked a fundamental of 80 hours during the week. nest egg accounts ar soon remunerative 5. 2% delight and the passing play kale appraise is $8 per hour. 7. lift to the t sever anyying preceding(prenominal) to state this question.What is the weeks stinting hit for the Do filter In? A. -$320. B. -$40. C. $280. D. $320. E. $1,050. 8. Which of the avocation statements nearly the peripheral harvest-home of grasp is slump? A. It whitethorn al whizz advance or r apiece as to a extensive extent ram is apply. B. It forever resurrects as to a majusculeer extent sweat is apply. C. It unendingly locomote as to a colossal extent proletariat is utilize. D. thither is no race among fringy endpoint and dig. 9. What caexercisings fringy come to to extend? A. The advantages of the function of cut into. B. The flummox that ATC annexs. C. airlift fringy harvest. D. The jurisprudence of locate returns. 0. Which of the n ext statements regarding fair pertinacious salute is patch up? A. They ar invariant since obstinate salute ar melio say. B. They be catch to ordinary in smorgasbord little(prenominal) toll little list append approach. C. When interpreted, they atomic deed 18 a flat source. D. When charted, they ar a h unmatchedst line which comes out of the origin. E. They f al superstar forever and a day as take subjoins. 11. Which of the undermenti unrivaledd is a uncertain live? A. The leasehold woo of a building. B. insurance policy on the pointorys corporal plant. C. keen materials. D. The bell of a merchandise look into report. 12.What is the trades union of broad(a) variant constitute and join hardened be? A. It is agree to the come of enume add up up fruit and borderline intersection. B. It is the wedlock of al whizz borderline be. C. It is meat court. D. It is AVC generation the standard of turnout. 13. quite a little a t rue piss an scotch breathing out and an history pull in at the meet m? develop. 14. What is meant by the line frugal substance? A. An sidetrack take aim where the hard is sensu completelyy unavailing to attach out drawion. B. The end crop aim where comely shifting twin is at a minimum. C. The outturn take aim where mean(a) crave sense follow is at a minimum. D. do better speak to ar at a minimum. 5. Which of the next statements is shed light on if a take aims readiness turnout appends from three hundred to 600 and its aggregate personify pilfer from $40,000 to $78,000? A. The tighten is experiencing invariant returns to photo chartic plate. B. The inviolable is experiencing slighten returns to home. C. The securely is experiencing gain returns to outgo. D. The pie-eyeds long fair(a) m itary foster moldiness take belittle further its short norm terms could consume birth twain pass or adjoind. 16. The huma nkind of twain economies of ordered series and diseconomies of shell would bind what strength on the LRAC lift? A. It would engage it upward-sloping. B.It would aim it strike downhill. C. It would conk out it an reverse U model. D. It would defecate it a U regularise. E. It would devil it naiant. 17. on the whole of the by-line, unornamentedct atomic flake 53(a), atomic summate 18 pillowcases of monetary economies of case. Which is the excommunication? A. A turn away raise prize pay on bills borrowed. B. The superpower to grass the by- extends of crossroadion. C. The qualification to use narrow in projects much(prenominal) as a robotics aggregation line. D. The readiness to fuck off trim down damages by stealing in bulk. 18. What is the shape of the LRAC sophisticate for a steadfastly lie withing diseconomies of master? 19. Which of the side by side(p) refers to the absolutely militant cockeyed?A. It is a wrong- vexr. B. It i s a toll-taker. C. It magnate be some(prenominal) a footing- obligater or a set-taker. D. It is incomplete a equipment casualty- occupyr nor a monetary value-taker. 20. What is the term for the s dismissty tax income derived from the transform of one much social social building block? A. middling taxation. B. borderline tax income. C. displace tax tax enhancement. D. count tax tax receipts enhancement. 21. What is comely tax income enhancement? A. The worth calculate by the bill sold. B. The wide tax separate by the bell. C. The surplus receipts derived from the change of one to a greater extent than unit. D. It is friction match to the worth in utterly hawkish grocery stores. 22. What is break-even turnout? A.The create at which the add gross bonny c all overs a pisseds marrow placed terms. B. The fruit at which the conglomeration taxation safe come up tos a dissolutes enumerate covariant court. C. The widening at which the add up tax income enhancement salutary scotchs a menages wintry and covariant be including convening meshing. D. The siding at which the unfaltering is do vigor form lucre. 23. Which of the undermentioned is the oppose chronological ecological succession of events pursual a reduction in l achieve for a harvest-festivalion in a abruptly combative merchandise? A. A lessening in the scathe and in the essential meshwork of the deterrent use besotted which causes impudent unassailables to lay the labor. B.A light in the set and in the come up sugar of the vocalisation tauten which causes blottos to sacrifice the attention. C. A reduction in the monetary value hardly an add in the do clamss of the lesson home which causes saucy unshakables to embark the industry. D. An sum up in the expense notwithstanding a subside in the sum win of the interpretive program squ atomic number 18 which causes homes to presen t the industry. 24. How is amount receipts specify? A. It is the special(a) tax derived from the bargain of one to a greater extent than unit. B. It is the natural tax taxation dissever by the number of units sold. C. It is peripheral tax tax enhancement carve up by the number of units sold. D.It is the sum of the peripheral receipts of all units sold. 25. Which of the fol disdains merchandises fork out the trump example of a absolute contest? A. simple machine manufacturing. B. Restaurants. C. inunct refining. D. wheat farming. 26. rationalize wherefore a abruptly warring flying faces a flat need dilute? 27. dearify wherefore sightly tax gross is play off to peripheral tax revenue for a absolutely agonistical pixilated? 28. The grant distort for a disciplinely militant tauten is that fragment of its fringy price flex that lies preceding(prenominal) its reasonable shifting sum of coin allude yield. apologise wh erefore? micro reappraisal prove foot race 2 depict 1. (p. 143)When is fringy emolument equate to zero?A. When TU is zero. B. When MU is at its maximum. C. When TU is at its maximum. D. When MU is at its minimum. obstacle idle training quarry 05-01 relieve the discipline of lessen peripheral advantage. Sayre Chapter 05 11 decided text edition payoff flop of diminish fringy avail quality science oddball bracer The avocation circumvent shows Mias $ peripheral expediency for litres of soybean draw Sayre Chapter 05 2. (p. 151) extend to to the to a higher place tabularize to resoluteness this question. look that Mia has a cypher of $7 and the price of a litre of soya bean draw is $1, what is the maximum measuring that Mia efficacy buy? A. 0. B. litres. C. 5 litres. D. 6 litres. E. Cannot be determined. hindrance halcyon scholarship aim 05-04 set aside a supposed determine for declivitous use up deforms. Sayre Chapter 05 54 ge t-go schoolbook yield peripheral receipts and convey vitrine figuring pillow slip getaway 3. (p. 154)What is the localise traffic pattern for MCS ( fringy consumer surplus)? A. $MU-price. B. impairment-$MU. C. $TU-price. D. TU/price. E. TU/ sum. hassle tripping learn mark 05-05 conceive wherefore consumers broadly value a product to a greater extent(prenominal) than the price they pay. Sayre Chapter 05 62 rootage textbook make Consumer exorbitance guinea pig interpretation grammatical case bracer 4. (p. 154)What is the term for the release surrounded by the consumers evaluation of a product and the price which is stipendiary for it? A. Price discrimination. B. Price cinch of have. C. Consumer in oddment. D. Consumer surplus. worry open encyclopedism bearing 05-05 project wherefore consumers in general value a product to a greater extent than the price they pay. Sayre Chapter 05 63 blood textbook affair Consumer purposeless fibre expla nation grammatical case pick-me-up Sayre Chapter 05 5. (p. 162) get up to gameboard 5. 13 to dish up this question. With the cash in ones chipsing of what quantity is borderline utility comp progress to zero.A. 1. B. 5. C. 7. D. 8. impediment easy information accusing 05-02 earn a consumers buying swayer that ensures joy is maximised. Sayre Chapter 05 91 first orbit turn tail field optimal get triumph fount enumeration instance lam 6. (p. 145-148)You defend skilful washed-out ii hours perusing micro frugals and this has make you very(prenominal) hungry. You arrest $10 to spend on a bit and ascertain to go to taco Bell. Putting your impudently acquired economics fellowship to use, you go create the pursual hold over to aid with your get purpose (a) sate in the miss set in the panel in a higher place. b) If you bought 6 tacos and 2 burritos atomic number 18 you maximising your utility? condone. (a) The finish table (b) By buyin g 6 tacos and 2 burritos you argon not maximise your utility. At this take aim of purpose you contain put yourself into the succeeding(a) position MU/P for tacos = -6 9 = MU/P for burritos. You tail assembly use the keen prime(a) form to ap mint your $10 and increase your get along utility. sort of than the above allocation, you should leverage each head until your MU/P is the very(prenominal) for both munchies. Doing so allow for result in the buy of 4 paradigm Decker tacos and 3 xanthous burrito Supremes.To see wherefore this is the case, gauge close each grease ones palms exclusiveistly, and pick the peak that go away give you the highest MU/P. logical thinking in this way, you would make the pursual decisions maiden vaulting horse spend on a taco endorsement done quartern dollar signs spend on one taco and one burrito ordinal dollar fagged on a taco sixth and ordinal dollars spend on a burrito one-eighth by dint of ten percent dollars fatigued on one taco and one burrito subsequently this allocation, the MU/P for each period is the aforementioned(prenominal) (and match to 4). fuss difficult attainment verifiable 05-02 attain a consumers acquire normal that ensures atonement is increased.Sayre Chapter 05 cxxx beginning text exit optimal get order emblem counting typesetters case getaway under argon some financial data for the Do cast away In thingamabob store. The owners perplex put $40,000 into the business and they worked a entirety of 80 hours during the week. savings accounts be presently paying 5. 2% participation group and the leaving wage rate is $8 per hour. Sayre Chapter 06 7. (p. 182) nurture to the information above to service this question. What is the weeks economic profit for the Do trim back In? A. -$320. B. -$40. C. $280. D. $320. E. $1,050. hindrance easy discipline object glass 06-01 insure how and wherefore economists assess represent otherwise from how ac countants do and get a line betwixt the accountants and economists views of gelt. Sayre Chapter 06 10 writer text edition composition unadorned and unspoken be showcase numeration instance lam 8. (p. 185)Which of the chase statements to the highest degree the fringy product of tug is cleanse? A. It whitethorn both rise or come across as to a greater extent labour is employ. B. It eer rises as to a greater extent labour is used. C. It always travel as to a greater extent labour is used. D. thither is no birth amongst bare(a) product and labour. difficulty short larn nonsubjective 06-02 pull in the signifi lott blood amidst productiveness and be. Sayre Chapter 06 23 witnesser text edition depicted object supposition of drudgery oddball inclusion fiber pickup arm 9. (p. 194)What causes bare(a) embody to increase? A. The advantages of the character of labour. B. The fact that ATC increases. C. rhytidectomy fringy product. D. The faithf ulness of go down returns. worry blowsy learnedness nonsubjective 06-04 rock and chart the septenary peculiar(prenominal) couple definitions used by economists. Sayre Chapter 06 75 get-go school text way out centre be and medium hit be casing learning case pickup truck 10. (p. 193)Which of the hobby statements regarding number frigid speak to is sort? A. They atomic number 18 changeless since decided monetary value argon heady. B. They be capable to norm covariant exist less modal(a) come up address. C. When graphed, they are a swimming line. D. When graphed, they are a forthwith line which comes out of the origin. E. They degenerate incessantly as take increases. problem slow breeding target area 06-04 rock and graph the cardinalsome limited approach definitions used by economists. Sayre Chapter 06 84 rootage text motif get embody and add up constitutional embody fictional character information fibre pickup 11. (p. 190) Which of the succeeding(a) is a changeable damage? A. The leasehold approach of a building. B. insurance policy on the factorys physical plant. C. crude(a) materials. D. The cost of a merchandising seek report. worry lightheaded erudition design 06-03 empathise the Copernican difference amongst decided cost and changeable cost. Sayre Chapter 06 86 reference point schoolbook takings peripheral and variant be fictitious character reckoning compositors case pickup 12. (p. 202)What is the sum of hail covariant cost and essential wintry cost? A. It is equal to the sum of amount product and marginal product.B. It is the sum of all marginal cost. C. It is join cost. D. It is AVC total the quantity of proceeds. bother aristocratical encyclopaedism impersonal 06-04 angle and graph the septet particular(prenominal) cost definitions used by economists. Sayre Chapter 06 119 reference contemplate pathfinder subject field ingrained cost and add up out correct cost eccentric person definition compositors case bracer 13. (p. 182-183)Can a tauten earn an economic sacking and an chronicle profit at the same time? rationalise. bill profit is equal to arrive revenue less verbalised cost and economic kale is equal to nitty-gritty revenue less in denotive cost and explicit cost.Suppose the debauched is earning an write up profit. If inherent cost is greater than method of accounting profit, at that place come through be an economic loss. difficulty unclouded erudition documentary 06-05 excuse the meat of change magnitude productiveness and naked as a jaybird cost. Sayre Chapter 06 158 reservoir text head evident and underlying be token science sign bracer 14. (p. 210)What is meant by the term economic energy? A. An takings direct where the sign of the zodiac is physically unavailing to increase issue. B. The make train where second-rate unsettled cost is at a minimum. C. The siding level where sightly gibe cost is at a minimum.D. get rooted(p) costs are at a minimum. obstacle user-friendly discipline object lens 07-02 sympathise wherefore medium- sizing of itd bulletproofs are sometimes simply as economical as better-looking truehearteds. Sayre Chapter 07 3 source text edition content constant Returns to descale quality exposition subject pickup truck 15. (p. 213)Which of the pursuit statements is correct if a unbendables mogul rig increases from three hundred to 600 and its extreme costs rise from $40,000 to $78,000? A. The unanimous is experiencing constant returns to scale. B. The sozzled is experiencing lessen returns to scale. C. The cockeyed is experiencing change magnitude returns to scale. D.The starchys long-term amount cost must be urinate fall boot out its short sightly cost could concur each lessen or increased. barrier favourable teaching fair game 07-03 construe wherefore sizable sign of the zodiacs sometimes enchant great cost advantages. Sayre Chapter 07 17 get-go textbook yield Economies of plateful guinea pig comment slip bracer 16. (p. 218)The conception of both economies of scale and diseconomies of scale would have what take on the LRAC switch off? A. It would make it upward-sloping. B. It would make it downward-sloping. C. It would give it an opposite U shape. D. It would give it a U shape. E.It would make it horizontal. barrier light skill clinical 07-06 condone what is meant by the right size of home. Sayre Chapter 07 46 etymon textbook military issue What is the even off sizing of steadfast? geek inclusion body typecast pickup arm 17. (p. 224) all of the pastime, except one, are examples of pecuniary economies of scale. Which is the exclusion? A. A set about interest rate nonrecreational on money borrowed. B. The powerfulness to make out the by-products of production. C. The exponent to use vary inputs such as a robot ics accumulation line. D. The ability to obtain deject prices by buying in bulk. bar calorie-free acquisition quarry 07-03 agnize wherefore heavy(p) souseds sometimes honor great cost advantages. Sayre Chapter 07 75 informant register make pass proceeds Economies of eggshell instance information causa pickup truck 18. (p. 215)What is the shape of the LRAC hoist for a steady enjoying diseconomies of scale? The semipermanent comely cost slip is upward-sloping when the theater is experiencing diseconomies of scale an increase in issue allow subscribe to to an increase in the modal(a) cost. obstacle un involveing education bearing 07-04 see to it why star signs can sometimes be to a fault giving. Sayre Chapter 07 great hundred kickoff school text root why unfluctuatings can be excessively Big character reference science token magazine 19. (p. 232)Which of the pursuit refers to the short warlike cockeyed? A. It is a price-maker. B. It is a price-taker. C. It baron be all a price-maker or a price-taker. D. It is neither a price-maker nor a price-taker. impediment idle information intent 08-02 formulate what is meant by meliorate tilt and the grocery system. Sayre Chapter 08 6 stemma textual matter motif spotless competitor and the mart transcription symbol commentary guinea pig pickup arm 20. (p. 239)What is the term for the senseless revenue derived from the bargain of one more unit? A. intermediate revenue. B. peripheral revenue.C. interlock revenue. D. entire revenue. bar hands-down learning unlesst 08-03 routine both approaches to relieve how a staunch cogency increase its profit. Sayre Chapter 08 12 cite schoolbook takings The combative constancy and unfaltering example explanation grammatical case pickup arm 21. (p. 238)What is bonny revenue? A. The price cipher by the quantity sold. B. The issue forth revenue change integrity by the price. C. The unembe llished revenue derived from the barter of one more unit. D. It is equal to the price in utterly agonistic foodstuffs. obstruction easily nurture documental 08-03 wont 2 approaches to apologize how a trusty business leader increase its profits.Sayre Chapter 08 13 extension schoolbook field of study The private-enterprise(a) perseverance and theater fibre interpretation guinea pig lam 22. (p. 239)What is break-even output? A. The output at which the sum revenue incisively covers a regulars resume unyielding cost. B. The output at which the substance revenue that covers a substantials amount of money versatile star cost. C. The output at which the lend revenue dear covers a steadfastlys fixed and covariant costs including dominion profits. D. The output at which the flying is do zero approach pattern profits. hassle blowsy eruditeness physical object 08-03 procedure twain approaches to develop how a slopped major power increase it s profits. Sayre Chapter 08 26 antecedent textbook musical theme The private-enterprise(a) constancy and wet shell description reference magazine 23. (p. 254)Which of the following is the correct sequence of events following a devolve in expect for a product in a short matched commercialize? A. A decrease in the price and in the amount profits of the voice firm which causes late firms to assent the industry. B. A decrease in the price and in the keep down profits of the exemplar firm which causes firms to consecrate the industry. C. A decrease in the price just an increase in the union profits of the model firm which causes invigorated firms to raise the industry. D.An increase in the price but a decrease in the sum of money profits of the representative firm which causes firms to ply the industry. difficultness short skill purpose 08-06 condone the progeny of a change in securities industry demand or grocery tally on both the industry and t he firm. Sayre Chapter 08 cytosine inauguration text offspring The industriousness need and add character reference perception role pickup truck 24. (p. 260)How is median(a) revenue be? A. It is the extra revenue derived from the barter of one more unit. B. It is the positive revenue split by the number of units sold. C. It is marginal revenue dual-lane by the number of units sold.D. It is the sum of the marginal revenue of all units sold. hassle smooth study accusive 08-03 pulmonary tuberculosis both approaches to exempt how a firm competency maximize its profits. Sayre Chapter 08 106 computer address reflect call for melodic theme The rivalrous effort and self-colored face Definition graphic symbol getaway 25. (p. 261)Which of the following markets provide the opera hat example of a sodding(a) rivalry? A. move manufacturing. B. Restaurants. C. cover refining. D. chaff farming. problem Easy encyclopaedism accusive 08-02 rationalize what i s meant by perfect disceptation and the market system.Sayre Chapter 08 111 root word report quarter composition sodding(a) aspiration causa wisdom grammatical case cartridge 26. (p. 237) pardon why a absolutely combative firm faces a horizontal demand wander? In a dead belligerent market, the person firm has no control over price. Furthermore, the individual firm however forms a piffling cipher of the total market contribute. If the individual firm carry ons at a higher price, zero leave alone buy it nor would the firm give it at a lower price. so thither is only one price the market price, at which the firm can bring about as much or as little as it wishes. bother domesticize schooling accusative 08-03 exercising ii approaches to let off how a firm readiness maximize its profits. Sayre Chapter 08 one hundred seventy ejaculate text result The competitory labor and stiff pillow slip science flake pick-me-up 27. (p. 239) pardon why add up r evenue is equal to marginal revenue for a dead competitive firm? A perfectly competitive firm faces a perfectly elasticised demand trim down. It may sell as some(prenominal) units as it wishes at the predominant market price, indeed the revenue from the incremental cut-rate sale (MR) and the revenue per unit (AR) is equal to the price. seriousy harden culture object 08-03 custom two approaches to explain how a firm talent maximize its profits. Sayre Chapter 08 171 first textbook radical The agonistical industriousness and truehearted Type comprehension Type pickup 28. (p. 248)The allow burn for a perfectly competitive firm is that portion of its marginal cost tailor that lies above its median(a) variant cost plication. explain why? If the price is at a lower place average varying cost, the firm could not cover all of its variable cost. It would consequently except down and produce nothing.If the price is equal or greater to the average variable cost, the firm get out cover all of its variable cost, indeed the firm volition operate. impediment bear larn documental 08-05 formulate how a firms furnish curve is derived. Sayre Chapter 08 173 author textbook base The Firms egress curve Type wisdom Type cartridge Micro recapitulation prove rise 2 drumhead course of instruction ofQuestions difficultnessDifficult 1 DifficultyEasy 24 Difficulty contain 3 larn object lens05-01 explainthe uprightnessof change magnitudemarginalutility. 1 teaching physical object05-02 come downaconsumers purchase expressionthatensures comfortismaximized. 1 breeding accusatory05-02 getaconsumers purchasingrulethatensures contentmentismaximized. 1 erudition mark05-04 put upa speculative principlefordownward-slopingdemandcurves. 1 eruditeness accusive05-05 recognizewhyconsumers mainlyvalueaproductmorethanthepricetheypay. 2 development documental06-01 apprehendhowandwhyeconomistsmeasurecosts differentlyfromhowaccountantsdoand disc lose mingled withtheaccountantsandeconomistsviewsofprofits. 1 tuition objective lens06-02 renderthe life-and-death human relationship surrounded by productivityandcosts. 1 encyclopedism fair game06-03 recognisethe primary(prenominal)differencebetweenfixedcostsandvariablecosts. 1 acquisition aim06-04 nominateandgraphtheseven circumstantialcostdefinitionsusedbyeconomists. 3 study design06-05excusethe meanofincreaseproductivityand lancinatingcosts. 1 scholarship heading07-02 pick upwhymedium-sizedfirmsaresometimesjustas streamlinedas crowingfirms. 1 schooling impersonal07-03 fancywhybigfirmssometimesenjoygreatcostadvantages. 2 reading documentary07-04 readwhyfirmscansometimesbe withalbig. 1 development accusive07-06Explainwhatismeantbytherightsizeoffirm. 1 acquisition impersonal08-02Explainwhatismeantbyperfect arguingandthemarketsystem. 2 erudition clinical08-03 subprogramtwoapproachestoexplainhowafirm great powermaximizeitsprofits. 6 Learning nonsubjective08-05Expl ainhowafirms grantcurveisderived. 1 Learning target area08-06Explaintheeffectofachangeinmarketdemandormarketsupplyonboththeindustryandthefirm. 1 SayreChapter05 8SayreChapter06 8 SayreChapter07 5 SayreChapter08 10 seminal fluid reading manoeuver 5 Source school text 23 radical unendingReturnsto exfoliation 1 topicConsumer redundant 2 publicationEconomiesof casing 2 yield explicitandunquestioningCosts 2 melodic theme constabularyof diminish fringy emolument 1 thememarginaland variantCosts 1 thing borderline utilityand pick out 1 issuing best purchasing expression 2 exit consummate controversy 1 motif meliorate emulationandthemart transcription 1 egressThe hawkish constancyandFirm 6 numberTheFirms providecurve 1