Sambian Partners : Why Are We Losing All Our Good People

Why Are We Losing All Our Good People Background: Sambian Partners founded by Peter Gasbarian in1975. Gasbarian idea was to build top notch architecture and engineering firm. Helen Gasbarian took charge of Sambian Partners as CEO in1997. The case begins with the resignation of Tom Forsythe, an assistant director. Mary Donillo, the head of human resources was opposed to Tom's decision. According to Adrienne Perle, one of the engineers at Sambian Partners people was quite unhappy. When this came into light, Mary Donillo asked her opinion regarding the current situation at the firm and from here she came to know the dissatisfaction among the employees with the current working conditions, mainly from the higher-ups in the organization. The CEO Helen Gasbarian makes decision of promoting Adrianne to a supervisor position. At this, anger rose among other employees who are more qualified but were not promoted. The junior employees were in an opinion that they could make their mark by leaving the company and work on interesting jobs. Mary decides to carry out an employee survey. She designed open ended questions to get an accurate snapshot of the current scenario the company is facing. But the questions prove to be quite mixed. Employees were giving feedback by leaving. Clearly, they feel that more direct forms of feedback will go unheeded. Helen needs to find the root cause of why employees don't trust the company or don't care enough about the company to improve it. Purpose:- To find the reason for the talent drain. Proposed recommendation:- * To provide a forum where employees can speak openly about their discontent without fear of repercussions. (Grievance Management)[2] Methodology:- We have used business school approach, literature case study method, to study the case and give the recommendation. Findings on evidence:-Evidence: -â€Å"Why are we losing all our good people†, Edward E. Lawler III Harvard Business Rev. June 2008 Nov. Author ;Date| Population ; type oforganization| Design| Measures| Outcome| Comment| Rene Schalk, Wim Van Dijk| Conceptual paper| Dutch health care| Concept of employees' psychological contracts with their organization  |   Integrate employee commitment and quality management  | Quality fails when the system fails| T. N. Krishnan| Research paper| Indian organizations| Study carried on the employees| Valuable workplace| Understanding employment relationship| Lisa A. Steelman, Kelly A. Rutkowski| Research paper| Multinational company| Recipient's willingness to change his or her behavior| Motivated to improve job performance| Credible feedback | Carley Foster, Khanyapuss Punjaisri, Ranis Cheng| Conceptual paper| Multinational company| Employees' attitudes and behaviors| Closer alignment between the employees' values and those of the corporate brand| Synergized to achieve a strong, consistent corporate brand| Manuel London | General review| Multinational company| Interviews with bosses of young first-line managers| Encouraging individual contribution and personal growth| Career motivation| Karien Stadler| Research paper| Saudi Arabian mining company| Sample of 59 executives and senior managers| Talent reviews in the identification, development and retention of potential employees| Company's growth strategy| Thomas N. Garavan|   Literature review| Irish firms| Study of career development practices| Promote career development within the organization| Focusing on the role of the line manager, HRM specialist and the general design of career development systems within an organization| Conclusion:- In the case â€Å"Why are we losing all our good people† we can observe that there is a need of a platform where employees can came out with their discontentment and grievances regarding their working conditions. According to the evidence, Hal's news comes as a shock to Mary. â€Å"Are we part of the problem? † thought Mary as Hal describes the scene he just saw moments earlier. At this moment, a decision must be made: does the company asks its employees to take a job satisfaction survey, or does Mary stop the problem in its tracks by confronting Adrianne directly? The CEO and Mary decide to choose the later, ask Adrianne what is on her mind. After idle conversation the question is asked, â€Å"Is Tom Forsythe talking to you? And are these rumors true? After a few awkward minutes, the truth is reviled. No, Tom is not talking to Adrianne, but she is quite simply unhappy with the current working conditions, mainly from the higher-ups in the organization. Final decision:- From the above evidence we say that Sambian should establish an open-door policy so that employees know that they can talk to someone above their supervisors if they have a complaint. Helen must personally guarantee that feedback will be taken seriously. The employees might be experiencing an imbalance between work and life. The corporate culture should be clearly defined and the employees surveyed should analyze how far they are separated from the same. The employees also felt that there were inadequate career opportunities where they can grow. There was lack of recognition to their higher order needs. Jean Martin, executive director of the Corporate Leadership Council, gave the professional opinion of this article. According to her advice, the issue does not fall on â€Å"what† Mary is asking; it is â€Å"How† she asks it. It will be a harmful for a company when large groups of employees are migrating from it. In such situations, managers will be blamed. Not because they are doing a bad job and they failed to foresee this issue. But as a manager, it is important that they should conduct â€Å"audits† to make sure that their employees are happy. This is known as a â€Å"culture audit. â€Å"[1] It can prove be an effective way to combat these issues. Hence, a robust and clear HR processes is required to make these policies work within the company. References:- 1. Rene Schalk, International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance   2. T. N. Krishnan, Employee Relations  ,2011 , Vol. 33, Issues: 5 3. Manuel London, Journal of Management Development  , 1986Volume: 5  Issue: 3 4. http://www. emeraldinsight. com/journals. htm? issn=0967-0734&volume=18&issue=3&articleid=1864041&show=abstract 5. http://www. emeraldinsight. com/journals. htm? issn=0967-0734&volume=18&issue=7 6. http://blcdocs. cox. smu. edu

Does the World End Here? It’s the People’s Choice Essay

The enormous control that people have on the health of the earth has become a major problem. It is the duty the people of every nation to decide on whether they choose to continue with their ways and watch the world crash before their eyes or to do something to prevent the end from coming. â€Å"Perhaps the World Ends Here†, by Joy Harjo, exemplifies the relationship between her people, the Native Americans, and the earth. Her poem shows how all societies need the â€Å"gifts of earth† (Harjo 548) to survive and yet they have nothing to give back to the earth. Harjo uses a combination of metaphors, allusions, and symbolism to emphasize the fact that people of all ethnicities should realize the impact they are able to have on the earth and how they set the stage for the future generations. Metaphors are repetitively used to allow there to be multiple interpretations regarding how significant ones actions can transform their country. In the words of prolific writer of songs and poetry, Joy Harjo â€Å"the world begins at a kitchen table† (Harjo 548). A kitchen table is usually seen as the center of a household. Then perhaps, Harjo is literally speaking of a kitchen table or the kitchen table may be a representative form of a house, a capitol of a country, or even the heart of a human being. She allows for this wide variety of interpretation due to the fact that if one is willing to change their ways for the better of their country then where they start is their choice. They may start by changing themselves or they may begin by working to change their government. However, if one does not choose to change their ways, Harjo warns â€Å"our dreams drink coffee with us as they put their arms around our children† (Harjo 548). Our dreams, what people want their life to be like, will be passed to our children because we haven’t awakened them yet. Just as one might need a cup or two of coffee to function for the day, our dreams require us to act as their coffee and take the effort to make them come true. The symbolism in this poem demonstrates how an individual might precede to change the way they choose to live. To initiate this, Harjo states that â€Å"the gifts of earth are brought and prepared, set on the table. So it has been since creation, and it will go on† (Harjo 548). The gifts of earth represent everything a human being takes from nature and their country in order to survive. They have taken food, cotton, coal, water, and gold from the ground that they live on and humans always will take from nature. Now the question that remains is how nature is supposed to recover and forever provide these things. It is the older generations’, according to Joy Harjo to give the children of their country instructions on what it means to be human (Harjo 548). In other words, the parents and grandparents must teach the future generations to give back to nature, so that it may endlessly sustain them. To rephrase Joy Harjo’s words, a person’s â€Å"table† is a place to protect them from dangers like a house in the rain or an umbrella in the sun (548). Allusions allow the readers to picture events that have already occurred and show examples of why people have a duty to change their ways. â€Å"Wars have begun and ended at this table. It is a place to hide in the shadow of terror. A place to celebrate the terrible victory† (Harjo 548) alludes to the conflicts and peaceful negotiations that have occurred. â€Å"We chase chickens and dogs away from it. Babies teethe at the corners. They scrape their knees under it† (Harjo 548). These statements suggest to the fact that people of one country will fight for their land and homes so that they may raise their children there. All of the effects that people might have on their country, family, and even themselves are exemplified by Joy Harjo’s use of literary terms. Whether it is a singular person, a small group, or an entire country they can affect nature the only difference is the amount of damage they cause. Thus everyone should ask themselves, what type of issues should my family and I be focusing on to change? The apparent problems are global warming, pollution, and war. These directly damage nature, whether they contaminates the air, water, or destroys plants and soil nutrition. Yet another matter that indirectly harms our environment and people do not usually consider are diseases. When an individual becomes ill, the medicine they must take to feel well again is made of herbs and other natural materials. Is there anything an individual can do to change the future, if so then what? There are ways to also help future generations make sure that the world doesn’t end here. The first step is to take action by recycling, donating items others need, riding a bike to work. Even if people are not able do all of these things, even the small actions count. However, if an individual is capable of changing their own lifestyle, then go further. Encourage more to join the cause; make sure the world does not end here. The more that participate to take care of the earth, the better the earth will take care of them. To ensure that the â€Å"gifts of earth† (Harjo 548) will always be available the younger generations must be taught how they can take care of nature but also the extreme importance this task is. Human existence is at the mercy of the wellbeing and development of the earth.

Problems on Early Marriages

In our research paper we looked at young marriages especially of those in college. This topic was of interest to us because of our college careers and upcoming marriage. Jeremy is currently a junior in chemical engineering and I am a junior in elementary education. We ourselves feel that a college marriage would work although it will be hard. We will now discuss the literature we looked at regarding young marriage. To begin our discussion we will first give a definition of an adolescent. The term adolescent â€Å"refers to the post pubertal population younger than twenty years of age who have a distinctive life-style; for those immediately younger the term young adults is used†(John and Pat Caldwell, 1998). Adolescence is socially defined. It is seen there as an instrument for social change and prepares you for adult life in societies where adolescence is found. Adolescence is associated with the following: going to school, trying to achieve occupational positions, and creating boy- girl friendships. Adolescence is associated with the moving away from agrarian society to full-time education which is needed in complex societies (John and Pat Caldwell,1998). In the study of adolescence there has been a huge interest in adolescent marriage and childbirth. Marital instability has been directly linked to adolescent marriage and childbirth. When this occurs the adolescent is forced into the role of a parent and they are not able to fully develop their own identity or learn the importance of intimacy (Teti and Lamb, 1989). Adolescent marriage has been shown to have an effect on lowering their socioeconomic status and stability in the marriage. Adolescents that are married and have children with their new responsibilities now have less time for what is really important which is their education. Adolescence is a time that should be focused on education. Women who gave birth in adolescence completed less than eleven years of education. Those who had adolescent marriages and kids completed 11. 82 years of education. Women who only had an adolescent marriage and did not have children completed 12. 9 years of education (Teti and Lamb, 1989). Marriage and children at such a young age obviously have a negative affect on education. Education has a great impact on a person†s social and economic status. At the end of a person†s adolescent phase they are ready to enter college. Some college students today are not ready for college though. Parents should make sure that their kids can cope with everyday responsibilities such as food and transportation, budget money and time, resolve conflicts, be able to make decisions, and have goals suggests an excerpt from an article in USA Today. It is a large change from having their parents there to help them deal with their problems. College is the time to grow and find out who you truly are and what you want to do with the rest of your life. Some couples are finding themselves having to make compromises within their relationships when it comes to their careers. Less young couples have to compromise their careers for their partner. Universities are offering jobs to young couples to keep them together. Deans are even offering departments extra money to create new positions for the spouses (Wilson, 1996). Upon looking at our research material, we feel that couples should get married in college. In college you learn greater responsibilities and how to make life choices, which enables you to live a more mature adult life. After learning about these things in college you are able to take on the responsibilities of a married life. We have found that colleges are flexible with working with the married couple. We are now going to look at different marital roles. There are the instrumental or traditional model and the companionship or egalitarian model. The difference between the two is the difference between husband and wife relationship. In the instrumental model the husband brings in the majority of the household income and takes care of the finances, the wife on the other hand, stays home and takes care of the children. The companionship model stresses more of a friendship and mutual sharing of responsibilities between spouses. In this model the roles for spouses can be reversible (Pollock, Die, and Marriott, 1989). We feel that the companionship model works because it allows open lines of communication, which we feel is very important to a marriage. The method that we used was a survey consisting of five questions. The questions all dealt with our problem of should people get married in college. We used our sociology class as a convenience sample. The ages of the students in our class ranged from 18 to 30 or older. This gave us a broad age group to give us enough information on our topic. We decided to do a survey because it was the quickest, simplest, and most direct method to gather the information on our topic. We collected our data from the students at the beginning before class started. We handed out the surveys and allowed them to complete them at their leisure. As stated earlier all of our questions dealt with marriage and the ages at which it should be appropriate to marry. Our first question asked at what age is it acceptable to get married. We gave them a list of the ages above but broke them into categories. They were as follows: 18-21, 22-25, 26-29, and 30 and above years of age. We asked them to circle their response. The second question asked them the best age to get married. We used the same format as in question 1 for their responses. In order to distinguish between acceptable and best we can describe it in this manner. Acceptable ages in which to get married dealt with the way in which society would look at it. The best age to get married would show their personal views on the topic. Question 3 was what made the rest of our survey come together. This question asked should people get married in college. The same was asked as in question 1 and 2, to circle their answer; yes or no. The fourth question asked what characteristics you would chose in finding a partner. The characteristics are looks, race, religion, age, education, social status, and values. We came up with the above characteristics after reading Peplau, Hill, and Rubin†s article on â€Å"Sex Role Attitudes in Dating and Marriage: A Fifteen Year Follow-up of the Boston Couple Study† in the Journal of Social Issues. We asked them to check all characteristics that were important to them. In question 5 we asked them to indicate their gender and asked them to circle their age groups. In our five-question survey on marriage we polled a college sociology class which consisted of a sample size of 31. We broke up our age groups from 18-21, 22-25, 26-29, and 30 and above. Our first question was on the most acceptable age to get married. The majority of the students chose 18-21 to be the most acceptable at 47 percent. The minority, however came out to be 30 and above at 3 percent. * Note: One student survey was discarded because they indicated all answers as being correct. Our next question asked at what age is it best to be married. Students said 22-25 was best, being the majority, at 74 percent. On the other hand, the minority was 18-21 at 3 percent. All surveys now being included. The third question addressed the issue of whether or not people should get married in college. The majority of our sample size said no at 52 percent. The amount of students saying yes was close at 48 percent. The fourth question asked for characteristics of the person you would marry. The characteristics given are follows: looks, race, religion, age, education, social status, and values. We will start off with the majority being values, surprisingly everyone agreed. Looks, age, education, and race were all very close. Looks came out to be 65 percent, age and education were tied for 61 percent, and race was 58 percent. Social status was the minority in this case at 29 percent. Our last question had two parts to it. The first was to indicate their gender and the second was to specify their age group. Our survey indicated that majority was females consisting of 23 and there were 8 males. Majorities of students were ages 18-21 at 77 percent, then there were 30 and above which represented 13 percent, next was 26-29 at 6 percent. And last was 22-25 at 3 percent. The results of our survey were rather interesting. When looking at our results we found that there was quite a difference between the best and acceptable ages to get married. The majority of the students chose the age group of 18-21 years as being the most acceptable to get married. On the other hand, the students chose 22-25 years as the best ages to get married. We found this to be interesting because although you can get married at 18-25 it may be best to wait until ages 22-25 according to our survey. This may be because the majority of students surveyed were 18-21. The question can then be raised of if they really think they are ready to get married at 18-21 years of age, and obviously they do not since they chose 22-25 years as the best age to get married. At the ages of 18-21 people are just entering college and learning how to make it in the world and they are pursuing a degree if they are in college. At eighteen a person is just old enough to vote and serve in the Armed Forces, but they still can†t buy liquor. Society does not think that an 18-20 year old is mature enough to buy liquor, so should they be able to get married at that age. The first few years of college are good years to learn life lessons and the different characteristics that you will need to make it in the world as we talked about earlier in our research. I think that the students realized this and many of them felt that they would rather finish college around the age of twenty-five and then start their careers and their new family. The majority of the students surveyed agreed that you should not get married in college, but the it was only a very narrow margin between those who said that it was alright to get married in college compared to those who thought that you should not. Once married you have to be ready to start a family and of course be open to the possibility of having children. Children take up a lot of a parent†s time as well as a lot of a family†s income. Having children while in college could very well hurt your chances of getting an education as we saw in the data presented about adolescent mothers. At the age of 22-25 years many college students have a bachelor†s degree and are then ready to start their new careers. Their jobs would also bring along the financial stability needed to maintain the needs of a family. The age bracket of 22-25 would have the better financial ability to support a family and we are sure that the students took this into consideration when they filled out this survey. The characteristics that the students chose for the person that they would some day want to marry were interesting. Everyone selected the values of the person to be important to them, which truly is important since values are passed down from parents to children. Twenty students out of the thirty-one that were surveyed chose looks to be important to them. A person should and will be attracted to the person that they decide to marry. The interesting thing was the fact that nineteen people chose education to be important while only nine people chose social status to be important. These two things really go hand in hand though. Education is a way to that people can use to rise above their current social status. The data that we looked at showed us those adolescents that are married and have children have a lower chance of getting an education above the high school level and therefore end up having a lower social and economic status. Social status is also related to education in the way that some of the people in lower social status may not have the same opportunities that people with a higher social status might have. They may not be able to get into college or if they do not go as far in college as they could if they had more money at their disposal. They also may not know people in important places that may be able to help them get into the school that they wanted to or to get the job that they wanted. Social status also has to deal with a person†s values. A person who has less than someone else may be able to appreciate more what they have than others that take what they have for granted. There were characteristics that went hand in hand almost in the survey that people seemed to have overlooked. The question that we looked at in this paper was should people get married in college. After reviewing the data on adolescent marriages, we would have to agree with the information that we collected from our survey that 22-25 was the best age to get married. People in the 18-21 range are still considered as adolescents and still have a lot of growing up to do. By the ages of 22-25 students have learned how to live by themselves and have possibly even earned a degree to support themselves and a new family if it were their choice to get married. I guess we should really say that we agree with getting married later in your college years after you have learned how to take care of yourself so that you in turn can take care of someone else.

Do men or women have more uncomitted, heterosexual sexual intercourse Research Proposal

Do men or women have more uncomitted, heterosexual sexual intercourse - Research Proposal Example Social learning theory explains the double standard on uncommitted sexual intercourse on the basis of the cultural norm that punished or isolated women for behaving in a sexually permissive manner while men gain admiration and popularity for similar behaviors. On the basis of sexual learning theory, the pattern of sexual behavior is explained by sexual script theory. A 1982 research points out that women were more probable to label sexual behavior of other women as immoral to suggest that women support the double standard that they should have less sex or no sex in uncommitted relationships (Milhausen, R.R. & Herold, E.S. 1999 pp.361-368). Uncommitted sexual intercourse is a topic of interest in recent times due to the evolution of sex differences and their relationship to sexual attraction. A research led by Michael Bailey found that men in the past enhanced their mating opportunities by indulging in uncommitted, casual sexual encounters. With respect to this supposition, men have more frequent yearning for sex with new partners when compared to women. Further, men are more willing than women to indulge in impersonal and casual sex. On the basis of this argument, it is considered that women commit more resources for reproduction and they gain very less advantage from casual frequent sexual action unless it is an extra effort taken for occasional copulation with a superior male to improve reproductive success. The researcher points out that heterosexual man has a high desire for sexual activity with a number of sexual partners. While comparing the frequent sexual activity of women, Bailey and colleagues consider the f requent sexual activity of heterosexual women as accommodating to the demands of male partners rather than the women’s true yearning for frequent intercourse. Another explanation indicates that women generally are socialized in a way that they are assertive in prompting sexual

E-commerce, Monster. Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

E-commerce, Monster. Inc - Essay Example This strategy is based on co-operative business activities between two or more firms, entered into for strategic reasons, involving the creation of a separate business entity under joint control and ownership. For Monster.com this is a very attractive strategy which helps to save millions of dollars on advertising. For instance, "the combination of AOL Europe's strong consumer reach and Monster's established leadership position in the global recruiting market will result in a robust European career center for both job seekers and employers" (Monster.com Announces Strategic Alliance With AOL Europe, 2006). International expansion through strategic acquisitions helped monster to expend globally. Acquisition policy is undoubtedly the most radical growth strategy open to management in that it represents a deliberate attempt to change the nature of the business. When the overall market has been growing, it is easy for companies with a small market share to gain share. This is because the absolute level of sales of the established companies may still be growing. In 2004 Monster.com acquired jobpilot which "provides Monster with the leadership position in Germany, a key growth opportunity for Monster Europe, and it will significantly extend Monster's reach, capabilities and footprint in central Europe" (Monster World Wide Expands, 2006). Strategic alliances helped Monster.com to expand to Asian countries, for instance MonsterIndia.com. Minor strategic acquisitions took place in 1998 and involved Future Pages, College Town U.S.A. and Golden Key National Honor Society. These alliances were aimed to involve college jobseeker in online college marketplace nationwide. (TMP Worldwide's, 1999). Making a name for itself strategy also helps Mionster.com to strengthen its brand and increase market share. This enables further commercial opportunities for the brand owners and legitimizes the investment in website development and maintenance. In this respect, connecting the brand site and the social aptitude of community participants potentially creates a new marketing tool. Advertising during a Super Bowl and other sports events is a part of this strategy, which proved its effectiveness. Customers integrate all their experiences of observing, using, or consuming a service with everything they hear and read about it. Information about Monster.com comes from a variety of sources and cues, including advertising publicity, sales personnel, and packaging. Brand equity can also be thought of as an asset representing the value created by the relationship between the Monster brand and customers over time. (www.monster.com) Online community is one of the most important PR strategies applied by Monstar.com. On-line community improves communication and interaction between job-seekers and managers of the company. It becomes an interactive system that allows individual jobseekers to find the best solution and the best job according to their needs and expectations. As the most important, jobseekers have a possibility to express their opinion openly about the services they receive. Monster.com community covers wide range of different community groups and topic to meet the needs of diverse target audience. It includes samples of resumes and general tips for jobseekers, samples of cover letters and interview tips, discussion boards and interactive communication, different chat rooms and forums, etc. (Monster.com Community, 2006) This communication channel helps Monstar.com to develop profitable,

Is the concept of the rule of law, as defined by dicey, still relevant Essay

Is the concept of the rule of law, as defined by dicey, still relevant to the UK constitution and legal system today - Essay Example Professor A V Dicey popularized this concept, and was able to describe three major tenets of the rule of law. These tenets are (Macdonald, 2010), Nobody is above the law, and everybody should be treated equally before the laws that govern the country. This is an indication that the laws of the land apply equally, to everybody in the same manner. This is regardless of economic, social and political status. The emergence of the constitution or laws is as a result of former judicial decisions that determined the rights in which private people should enjoy. On this basis, the constitution is not the source upon which laws emerge. The sources of law are therefore a consequence of the inherent rights of individuals. The constitution is derived as a consequence of the rights of people. These principles and concepts are widely applicable in the United Kingdom. The first principle by Dicey concerns itself with discretionary powers and the rule of law. Any government action must be recognized and authorized by law. That is the reason as to why the government cannot arbitrarily arrest a person, and charge him or her for the crimes that are not recognized by law. This principle is established in the 1994 case of R vs. Horseferry Road Magistrates. This was a case that examined the jurisdiction of a magistrate to protect the process of the court from abuse. Under this case, the defendant was arrested illegally, and in a breach of the extradition laws of the United Kingdom. The court denoted that an individual, who is charged with a criminal offence, must receive a fair trial. If an individual cannot receive a fair trial for an offence that he is charged for, then he or she should not be tried at all. On this note, the court denoted that the authorities illegally detained and arrested the defendant, and on this basis, the entire prosecution process was illegal (Flores, 2013). Under this case, it is therefore possible to denote that the judiciary had the powers of

Competitive Marketing Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Competitive Marketing Strategy - Essay Example Mitchell and Butler focus mainly on increasing its food line and succeeded at increasing the market share. However the profit resulted from increasing market share and sales amounts are loss in the operation of the company. Diversification strategy is producing good results, but there are several segments where the group is over optimistic and produces over capacity. I believe that the diversification strategy, which is intended to receive gain from many segments, could present a future problem. Corporate strategy of expanding brand lines is proven to be working properly up to today. However, enhanced management capabilities to handle problems of strategic alliances should be developed in order to maintain cooperation and harmony among existing brands. Therefore, the key strengths for Mitchell and Butler in restaurant industry in the U.K. are its diversification strategy and segmental focus. In addition the company is also able to increase market share in certain segments. The company has realized the importance of addressing various customers' demands that I believe will help the company to sustain in today's fierce competition in restaurant business in the U.K. The company says that it will continue to evolve and develop its pubs and restaurants outlets in order to meet the needs and tastes of the British public while strengthening its position as the UK's leading managed pub operator. II.1.2 Weaknesses The major weakness of Mitchell and Butler is the inability of the company to turn the valuable brand equity of Mitchell and Butler into efficient financial performance. I think the cause of the inefficiency in the company is its unplanned diversification strategy. Compares to five major competitors as mentioned above, I can see that its competitors have ability to make profit from its operation. II.1.3 Opportunities There are several factors that influence an opportunities of a business. They include following items: 1. Customers' Confidence 2. Demographic trends 3. European Presence Concerning the issue on operator of pubs and restaurants' business, I see that Mitchell & Butler has great opportunities in providing the business since dance music based nightclubs have been around for approximately twenty years [and still become a profitable business to conduct]. II.1.4 Threats In addition to strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities; I found that Mitchell & Butler also faces potential threats as following: 1. Volatility of Demand Pub and restaurant still becomes attractive business. However, there are times when the would be a shifting from attending Mitchell & Butler-typed business to another hanging out places like cafes. 2. Strong Competition Despite being defined as specialized sector of the leisure services, the pub and restaurant industry is in direct competition with other hospitality services like hotels that also have their own pubs and restaurants. II.2 PEST II.2.1 Political PEST Analysis is a way of dividing the factors influencing businesses into four different groups. The first is Political factors. Political situations have a huge impact on business regulation. The stability of the political environment, international trade agreements, religion, cultural

Suggest and discuss some possible solutions to the problem of adult Essay

Suggest and discuss some possible solutions to the problem of adult obesity - Essay Example The problem of obesity can only be curbed by the help of individuals and their concern for their health. In order to decrease the problem I would with my friends aware the obese individuals of their problem. This would make them conscious about their health and thus they would automatically follow the methods to avoid obesity as laid out by the government. Secondly I would give out charts of certain products which have the most calories in them. This would help the individuals to realize which products are healthy and which non healthy. Thirdly I with my friends would promote certain exercises amongst the obese individuals which would make them get rid of their problem. The exercises which I would promote would not be strenuous so the obese people are attracted towards them. Further after doing these exercises the obese people would be able to get rid of their problem

Ethical Theories of Utilitarianism and Kantianism Essay

Ethical Theories of Utilitarianism and Kantianism - Essay Example According to the paper the manager Michael has faced an ethical situation in his family’s business of metal components. The current economic crisis has created strong challenges to Michael in sustaining his family business. On the other hand, one of his unskilled, but loyal workers, John, who started working for the company even at a time when Michael’s grandfather was running the business, has developed some unhealthy behaviors at the workplace which caused Michael lot of headaches. Michael knows that John’s wife and only son died in a car crash a year ago and that, to cope with his loss, John has taken to drinking alcohol. Michael has repeatedly talked with John about this problem but this has not changed John’s behavior. Even though Michael decided to cut down all the unproductive sectors including the unproductive problematic employees also, he decided to keep John on. This paper briefly analyses Michael’s decision to keep John on the basis of e thical theories of utilitarianism and Kantianism. This study outlines that the main ethical issue involved in this case was about John’s future. He has started his career even when Michael’s grandfather was running the business and moreover John has spent majority of his healthy periods for the company and worked hard for the company as a loyal worker. Right now he is rapidly approaching the end of period of his life both as a worker and a human being. Is it right to fire a worker who spent majority of his life for the wellbeing of a company during a period when he was about to retire? Another ethical issue involved in the above case was that John has lost his entire family in an accident and left alone in this world by destiny. Apart from his family, the company was the second entity in which John was constantly interacting. Is it right for the company to fire such a loyal worker when he was left alone in this world, especially when considering his earlier services to the organization?

Summary of Choosen Article (3-5 paragrphs) Research Paper

Summary of Choosen Article (3-5 paragrphs) - Research Paper Example In 1998 to 2000, 263 gastroenteritis outbreaks occurred and only 3 were a consequence of rotavirus. The main predisposing factor is unhygienic conditions. Prevention is through disinfection of environmental surfaces especially those contaminated with fecal matter (â€Å"Notes from the field,† 2011). In relation to the epidemiological triangle (agent, host, and environment) human acts as the reservoir for rotavirus is. The virus is transmitted through ingestion of fecal matter or fomites. Environment wise, the virus is found in temperate regions. The virus is transmitted through indirect contact since it enters the body through ingestion. Host factors that increase the chances of contacting the rotavirus include age whereby the most vulnerable are young children who have increased exposure to the virus. Additionally, the old people living in care home are at a risk (Anderson & Weber, 2004; (â€Å"Notes from the field,† 2011). The level of immunity affects the risk of infection. The old people and young children have low immunity and are at higher risk of contracting rotavirus. Additionally immune-deficient people have higher chances of contracting the virus. The low infection rates in adults as compare to children shows overall protective immunity is important in preventing infections. Pre-existing conditions that may increase the rotavirus infection include poor hygiene among residents and or staff in retirement home and care homes. Health Behaviors that can be used to prevent the disease include vaccinations and isolation. Moreover, proper hand washing is crucial in rotavirus infection and outbreak of rotavirus gastroenteritis (â€Å"Notes from the field,† 2011). The external conditions and influences affecting the spread of rotavirus include the waste disposal techniques. Biologically, use of disinfectants helps in elimination of the virus

Data Analysis and Interpretation Research Paper

Data Analysis and Interpretation - Research Paper Example Using the value 0.05 level of significance, F-statistics, and an Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, the df num value is k-1, or 2 -1, or 1 and the df den value is T-k, or 150 - 2, or 148. So, with = 0.05, the critical value of F in this analysis of variance test was F0.05 (1, 148) = 253. Since computed F (FC) is less than Tabulated F (FT), Ho is accepted, which states that the British consumers' perception of "Rioja" wine attributes is affected by the image factors of "La Rioja" origin. In other words, the result of the "Analysis of Variance" (ANOVA) shows that the computed F, 1.117 is less than the tabular values of F-statistics, 253 at 0.05 degrees of freedom, 1, 148. This denotes that the British consumers' perception of "Rioja" wine attributes is affected by the image factors of "La Rioja" origin. The resultant R square value is 0.007. This is very far from the point of reference value 1. This shows that the correlation is not on the normal curve distribution. So, it is interpreted as very small positive correlation. In percentile (%), it is 0.7 which indicates significant differences in terms of the British consumers' perception of "Rioja" wine and the image factors of "La Rioja" origin. Moreover, because the R square value of 0.007 is not close to the adjusted R square value of 0.001, this signifies that the regression model is not fit for the data. The very small positive correlation denotes that the perception is uncorrelated with image or perception, it may be either large or small when the image is large and vice versa. This further implies that there is no systematic trend in British consumer's perception of "Rioja" wine as the image factors of "La Rioja" origin value increase. 2. Ho 2: The image of "La Rioja" origin has no direct influence on the British consumers' preference for "Rioja" wine; Data analysis on: Relationship of the image of "La Rioja" origin and the British consumers' preference for "Rioja" wine using analysis of variance (ANOVA) Relationship Computed F Tabulated F Interpretation Image versus Preference 334 253 Rejected Using 0.05 level of significance, F-statistics, and an Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, it was established that the df num value is k-1, or 2 -1, or 1 and the df den value is T-k, or 150 - 2, or 148. So, with = 0.05, the critical value of F in this analysis of variance test was F0.05 (1, 148) = 253. The computed F (FC) value is greater than Tabulated F (FT). Ho is rejected. This is because the result of the "Analysis of Variance" (ANOVA) shows that the computed F (334) is greater than the tabular values of F-statistics (253) at 0.05 degree of freedom (1, 148). This means that the image of "La Rioja" origin has direct influence on the British consumers' preference for "Rioja" wine Data analysis on: Correlation of the image of "La Rioja" origin and the British consumers' preference for "Rioja" wine Using coefficient of determination (R2) Correlation R2 Adjusted R2 Interpretation

Leadership Style Essay Example for Free

Leadership Style Essay Leaders are people who inspire and motivate us through their actions and words. As we have seen through many years, the term leadership has been defined in many ways, but always we expect the leader is just someone who shares our values and provide us direction. A great example of these qualities is Nelson Mandela. We can learn many lessons from him, some that will remain through the years: Lead with your action: Your words and actions should be motivating to others. Inspire courage, desire to learn, instilling a sense that anything is possible. One way to teach others is by our example. Planning: Establish a plan, be clear in advance what ideas and priorities will help us achieve success in any business or personal task. Work With The Willing: In life we find people who despite having the talent and potential to do something, they are detained and unwilling to move forward. We cannot carry the burden of others, we have to let these people deal with their own experiences and surround ourselves with other like-minded to Us. We have to approach those who inspire us and bring something positive to our lives. Communicate: Knowing how to bring a focused message and make sure that it has been understood. Sometimes come into play cultural idiosyncrasies, body language and other factors that could cause frustration. Nelson Mandela is a great example of a communicator. Interacting with People: Nelson Mandela is able to motivate a whole country to work together for a common cause. He was willing to establish relationships of all parties in order to achieve its goal of a united and successful South Africa. Develop Strong Character: Having a strong sense of conviction and personality cause respect for the followers. Nelson Mandela knew that he was doing the right thing despite the consequences that crossed. On one occasion, Mandela shared a leadership lesson he learned when herding cattle, Stengel (1994): When you want to get a herd to move in a certain direction, he said, you stand at the back with a stick. Then a few of the more energetic cattle move to the front and the rest of the cattle follow. You are really guiding them from behind. He paused before saying with a smile, That is how a leader should do his work. Mandela was a charismatic and democratic leader because his behavior was that of a unique style. Mandelas emotional stability was evident as never reacted against their oppressors. Mandela never showed a desire for revenge or hatred and his ideals have always remained unchanged.  Mandela also was firm as a leader. A quality that has been admired by many is how Mandela int eracted with all social classes. In their struggle to bring democracy to South Africa, Mandela used a democratic leadership style. â€Å"Democratic leaders set policies through group discussion and decision, encouraging and helping group members to interact, requesting the cooperation of others, and being considerate of members’ feelings and needs† (Johnson Johnson, 2013, p. 177). I believe that my leadership style is a combination of Task-Oriented Charismatic Leadership. Thats because many times I focus on the work to be completed in the time required. I usually like to define the work and the steps required to put things in place, and plan, organize and monitor the work. In addition I like to perform other tasks such as creating and maintaining performance standards. On the other hand I like to inspire enthusiasm and provide motivation to groups. Compared to the leadership style of Mr. Mandela, I identify myself for his charisma with people. My interest is to devel op a more Transformational Style. As I mentioned in other writings, I think the best scenario is have the ability to move from one style to another according to the situation. Although we have a particular style we must consider the following steps to improve our leadership skills (Yulk, p. 401, 2013): †¢Develop a personal vision of career objectives. †¢Seek appropriate mentors. †¢Seek challenging developmental assignments. †¢Use social networks to learn about developmental opportunities. †¢Improve self-monitoring. †¢Seek relevant feedback. †¢Learn from mistakes. †¢Learn to view events from multiple perspectives. †¢Be skeptical of easy answers. Before adopting a leadership style we have to understand the needs of individuals and the organization. The style should be adapted to the particular demands of the situation. There will always be challenges that a leader must deal, different personality styles that will have to manage to inspire and influence them.

Compare And Contrast Different Organizational Structures And Culture Commerce Essay

Compare And Contrast Different Organizational Structures And Culture Commerce Essay MasterCard is one of the most common names used by people in USA and the second only in worldwide billings to Visa. In order to answer the question about the position of MasterCard in the world, Leigh Clapham (n.d) announced that: As we examined the company, we felt our strategy and people were fine, so we really focused on culture almost by a process of elimination. We just felt our leadership and our execution could be much better, and culture was really at the heart of that. MasterCards organizational culture is defined as role culture because their employees have passive-defensive behaviors, which often means avoiding personal responsibility and simply attempting to make everything rule-based. (Leigh Clapham, n.d) However, these bureaucracies are very slow to respond to change which means that the Leigh Claphams desire to change behavior and culture in MasterCard is quite hard to achieve. However, role culture brings safety working environment to employees so that they are willing to keep their mind on their work. Microsoft In the past, Microsoft is known as the most successful and biggest technological company under Bill Gates leadership. In 2000, Bill Gates left and Steve Ballmer became the CEO of Microsoft. Under Steve Ballmers leadership, Microsoft went down in many aspects such as stock price, the capabilities of innovation, and especially the organizational culture. The organizational culture in Microsoft is competitive culture (Diane Ravitch, 2012) and also called cannibalistic culture (Paul Thomas). It means that, working in Microsoft, employees always have to take part in an unexpected competition. This internal competition, somehow, has created dysfunction corporate culture that obviously will thwart innovation. Its one of many things that lead Microsoft to Lost Decade (Kurt Eichenwald, 2012). Structure According to Bill Gates (1997), Microsoft has a very flat organization. Microsoft is currently employing 94,000 people which means much larger than MasterCard. In 2011, MasterCard was employing approximately 7000 people. However, likes Microsoft, MasterCard is also defined as a flat organization (?) Outcome 1.3: Discuss the factors which influence individual behavior at work Admittedly, organization is made up by individual and, as a result, individual plays an important role influencing organizational behavior. There are five major factors that influence individual differences in behavior at work: personality; perception; attitude; abilities and skills; conflict, stress and change. The individuals personality is one of the core factors of organizational behavior which obviously affect the whole organization. Personality is considered as the most complicated aspect that can influence an individual behavior in a big way. Family, culture and situation are several personality factors that have impact on an individual. Attitude is a tendency to respond to certain situations. Its also defined as a mental and neural state of readiness, exerting a directive or dynamic influence upon the individuals response to all objects with which is related. That means the managers of an organization have responsibility in order to create a favorable working environment which will enable their employees form a positive attitude. For example, the working environment in Microsoft is known as cannibalistic culture (Paul Thomas) meaning that its too competitive. It leads to result that their employees always have to compete with each other. They would rather beat their colleague than make innovation. Lacking innovation which comes from employees, Microsoft is performing a bad business in recent years. Perception is the way an individual interpret the environmental stimuli. There are also many factors that decide the right perception of an individual. But the most important is that the manager has to create a favorable environment which will help employees perceive them in a positive way. Abilities and skills are judged through the performance of an individual at work. It means that employees can perform well or not depends on his/her abilities and skills can match the job requirement or not. Microsoft is a typical example explains the relationship between skills, abilities and organization. Microsoft is using stack ranking system which was popularized by Jack Welch of GE (Diane Ravitch, 2012). This system enables manager rate their employees from the best to worst and then fail the worst. The worst one is also known as the person who cant match the abilities and skills with the job requirement. If the failed one is doing a terrific job and he knows he is going to get failed, he absolutely perform his work in a positive way. The last factor in five core factors that influence an individual is conflict, stress and change. Working under cannibalistic culture means Microsofts employees always have to work under pressure and stress. The result is that they cant do their best when they deal with problems or have to innovate. Then, they perform the bad work, greatly influence to the organization and Microsoft is now close to financial failure. The knowledge about these responses is determining factors for the organization. Every organization requires a positive behavior from their employees and such behavior is recognized by observation, learning or training. Besides the job, the managers have responsibilities to create a good working environment which, somehow, will influence to employees behavior. Outcome 2.1: Compare the effectiveness of different leadership styles in different organizations Leader plays a vital role for the development and the existence of the organization. Leader helps develop organizations objectives, visions, missions and value. Naturally, organizational culture is created based on its leadership and contrariwise the organizational culture also has impact on shaping and developing leadership. The leader styles could be distinguished into four types: autocratic, democratic, persuasive and, participative. Microsoft under Bill Gates leadership is different with Microsoft under Steve Ballmers leadership because of different leadership between these two CEO. Bill Gates leadership is called autocratic. Gates made all the decisions, large or small. He allowed no middle managers between him and his employees. Gates was Microsofts chief decision maker, chief technologist, chief salesperson, chief dealmaker and chief visionary, all rolled into one. (Robert S. Portfolio, 2004). His leadership styles made the communication between him and subordinates was shown in one-way. He made decision and everyone had to do exactly what he said without questions. It greatly effects on employees work performance. Making all decisions himself means he decides to change Microsofts culture into overbearing culture (Edward Cotton). He also dropped the innovative culture which is built from the contribution or initiative from subordinates. However, his style ensures the fulfillment of the strategies. We cant avo id the excellent business performance of Microsoft under Bill which was a certain part created by his leadership style. In 1993, Microsoft had $3.79 billion in revenues, $953 million in profit, and 14,430 employees. In 2000, revenues soared to $22.96 billion, profits to $9.4 billion, and the headcount to 39,170. Between 1999 and 2000 alone, the company had taken on nearly 8,000 new employees. (Robert S. Portfolio, 2004) When Steve Ballmer became the CEO of Microsoft, he tried to change the organizational culture and encourage innovations by using his leadership style which definitely different from Bill Gates. Steve Ballmer (2012) said: Im really trying to give out the instructions, so that many decisions can be made by people. By saying this, he affirmed that his leadership style is democratic which allow him and followers make the decision together. Robert W. Selander was the CEO of MasterCard for 14 years from 1999 to 2010. Robert W. Selander announced that: I have to be careful about not conveying where Im coming from too early on in the process, because Im looking to get feedback from others. Obviously, his leadership styles can be defined as participative leadership. It helps MasterCard create the innovation culture. Participative leadership enables Robert W. Selander to gather and analyze subordinates ideas and views. It makes all MasterCard decisions seem to be more objective than Microsoft. Under Robert W. Selanders leadership, MasterCard grew and turn into one of the most successful payment company. In 2006, MasterCard sold for $39 in its initial public offering. It closed at $218 on June 25. (Roslyn Courtney, 2010) The organization measures its performance and uses that information to improve products and services. In order to do that, it absolutely needs employees contribution and everything is encouraged and shaped by the leadership. Leaders have responsibilities to ensure that their employees are motivated and guided by their leadership and organizational culture also. In other words, leadership has affected the whole organization including human resources, processes and profits.

Implications For Integrated Marketing Communications Marketing Essay

Implications For Integrated Marketing Communications Marketing Essay The rise of social networking over the last two decades has revolutionized communications and information management for thousands of companies all over the world. One of its most powerful effects is the near-instantaneous and influential spread of personal opinion across vast distances, time and space through virtual means. Social network communities, especially, have emerged in recent years as one of the most influential forums for consumers opinions, allowing almost anyone who is connected to the Internet to influence brand perceptions and consumption (Vogt and Knapman, 2008; see Blackshaw, 2008). The rise of this phenomenon in the age of social media and Web 2.0 has been described as one in which key types of personalities engage with digital media in order to influence public and political opinion (Ecclestone and Griseri, 2008). Whether they are called influencers, connectors, salespeople or mavens (ibid., 2008), we are undoubtedly living in a time when marketers have to take the power of peer-generated opinion seriously, particularly in a Web 2.0 environment. The implications of social media communities continue to concern marketers and marketing strategy in a fluid, porous and dynamic online environment. This is an environment in which the traditional rules of controlled media, carefully-executed strategies and market/customer feedback research and analysis no longer hold, at least not the same extent as they have done in the 1970s and 80s. Today, social media networks permeate virtually all realms of marketing and can have a powerful influence upon how consumers perceive and consume brands. The effects can be highly positive or corrosive, depending on how companies manage online word-of-mouth (Jones, Temperley and Anderson, 2009). The rise of massive brand communities (Ouwersloot and Odekerken-Schroder (2008) is also a matter of concern for marketers because of their cult status among consumers. Fans of Harley-Davidson motorbikes, for instance, of Apple devices, drive sales and revenues for the respective companies. They When it comes to planning, designing and executing an Integrated Marketing Communications campaign (hereafter referred to as IMC), therefore, social media can prove to be both simple and complex. It is worth stating that textbook accounts of it often do not delve sufficiently into how newer technological developments like social networking affect its operations and eventual success or failure. The aim of this paper, therefore, is to provide a critical examination of how social networking has thrown up new challenges for marketing communications and to examine some solutions in the literature. The rest of this paper is structured as follows. I first put forward some of the mainstream and traditional conceptualisations of marketing communications and current discussions of its significance for branding as well as its pitfalls for unwary companies and consumers. Next, I discuss some of the implications of social media networks for IMC. Some examples follow. Finally, I examine the implications of my discussion, identify a couple of limitations of this paper and propose fruitful avenues for future research. Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC): Definitions and Conceptualisations Although there are a number of elements to marketing communications including visual logos, corporate communications, promotions, advertising and sponsorship, just to name a few there is widespread agreement among marketers and marketing academics alike that these elements have to be brought together in order to achieve cost efficiencies, synergies in resource utilisation and for a consistent and compelling overall message to be offered to a range of stakeholders, including, but not limited to, the end-customer (Schultz, 2008). In other words, integrated communications can be defined as the notion and the practice of aligning symbols, messages, procedures and behaviours in order for an organisation to communicate with clarity, consistency and continuity within and across formal organisational boundaries (Christensen, Firat and Torp, 2008: 423). The process of IMC planning can be broken down into discrete stages, although some of these overlap in practice . There can be broken down as follows in terms of the SOSTAC Model (Roberts, 2006): Situation Analysis (where are we now ?) Objectives (where do we want to go?) Strategy (how do we get there?) Tactics (what steps do we take to get there?) Action (implementing the steps of action) Control (reviewing and monitoring the strategy against stated objectives) Although there are a number of different models in the literature, this conventional paradigm for IMC is still regarded as a kind of textbook model for how to do IMC. It is a fairly linear process, as the outline above shows. According to this framework, the marketing manager would perform an analysis (typically a SWOT analysis) which breaks down a companys performance into its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (from the environment, other competitors, and so on). Following this step, the marketer would identify key goals and objectives to drive the marketing campaign forward in terms of sales, revenues, return on investment, and/or other drivers of success. In traditional terms, these metrics typically include projected and actual sales. In the online environment, however, corporate reputation is far less able to be planned and controlled in this way and sales now takes on complex meanings. Tactics is next. These traditionally include sales tactics, sales promotions (using brochures, flyers, exhibitions at trade events, advertising and other forms of offline marketing communications). Companies then take actions which lead to desired outcomes. Finally, companies (under the traditional model) monitor and review progress of these tactics against stated objectives. This entire model of IMC is being revolutionised by the emergence of social media and social networking. In terms of tactics, the game has changed. Instead of relying on expensive (and sometimes ineffective advertising) or on sponsorship of events (which can prove politically contentious and generate negative press), a number of global companies choose instead to invest heavily to boost corporate reputation through their their web presence. Global companies such as Toyota and IBM have dedicated corporate Facebook accounts for customers and members to interact and share their user-experiences online. These brand communities perform several valuable functions for companies: they are, firstly, an effective way to test the waters before new product launches, secondly, a way to get instantaneous feedback from potential users, thirdly, a good platform to communicate directly with diverse users and last, but not least, a kind of public relations exercise to generate positive word-of-mouth f or the company (Lee, Cheung and Sia, 2006). However, it is only logical to expect that social media networks can also pose dangers for unwary companies and do damage to their brands. We now turn to these social networks to see how they function. Online Social Networks Online social network communities, such as online customer forums and chatrooms, have a powerful effect on its participants and even on casual visitors. Research has shown that people have a high propensity to trust online testimonials and user-generated feedback generated through word-of-mouth (WOM) communication (Sweeney, Soutar and Mazzarol, 2008). Positive WOM can be a useful and even profitable avenue of additional revenues for a companys products and services; even more significant is the fact that it can force companies to change unethical practices or their processes, including supply chain procurement and management, labour management practices, right down to accounting and financial reporting measures. Social media also make it easier for companies to do market research (Precourt, 2008), especially after certain crucial events, such as product launches, product updates and so on. Microsoft is an example of a company that relies on such media to improve its products but many technology companies now use these methods to collect valuable market data. On the other hand, there is certainly a dark side to social media for brand communications. It has been noted that consumers today enjoy unprecedented levels of consumer sovereignty (Hollenbeck and Zinkhan, 2006). Given the vast amount of information available over the Internet and increasingly vocal and powerful citizen-led lobbies and activist groups such as Greenpeace and so on, even governments sit up and take notice. The trend towards the democratization of opinion has been conclusively proven in the West but also increasingly in many other parts of the world. Social Networks, Brand Impact and Marketing Communications Based on the above discussion, social networks have a range of interesting impacts upon how brands are perceived and consumed. This section examines some pertinent examples of how social media can positively and negatively impact IMC. Positive and Negative Impacts As discussed earlier in this paper, the traditional notion of IMC was that it would be controlled and organized at a profound level (Christensen et al., 2008). Two key elements come into operation in IMC planning: consistency and control. Let me discuss each of these elements in turn. First: consistency in IMC is emphasized repeatedly in the literature as being of paramount importance for any firm seeking to run a successful campaign. That is to say, every element of the marketing chain (from the consumers first becoming aware of the brand to the actual purchase and post-purchase evaluation) needs to be coordinated to ensure a successful outcome for the consumers experience of the brand. This alone is hard enough for many companies to achieve: what adds to the complexity today is that the consumer then goes online, types in her or his comments on the purchase, the brand, and so on and either reports a good or a bad experience with it. This aspect of the brand experience still needs more research, in my view, but there are already myriad examples of what it can to brand reputation. Second: in more traditional contexts, marketing communications would be organised or influenced heavily either by an individual, a set of individuals or a divisional/team function. In social media/networking, there is no obvious or identifiable owner of such communications. There is no way to trace back opinions to an original source. It has become apparent, however, from recent developments, that companies and governments are prepared to take a stand against the anonymity afforded by the Internet. The recent furore over WikiLeaks, for instance, is a case in point. Although its founder, Julian Assange, intended WikiLeaks to be a wholly anonymous organization, he has, in fact, come to the forefront of public consciousness as a celebrity of sorts, hunted and wanted by different national jurisdictions on a number of charges, including sexual assault and treason. Other examples can be cited of the double nature of social media and its uses for marketing communications. Further Examples The implications of my discussion so far for brands are numerous. I have already provided some examples of the implications of social media for marketing research and data collection purposes, but further examples would make the point even clearer. A recent example of how Kenneth Cole, the well-known American brand of shoes and clothing, tried to use Twitter to generate publicity using the recent political unrest in Egypt shows how easy it is for companies to receive a backlash from appearing to be insensitive to groups and people. According to the site, Nancy Myrland, the brand manager of Kenneth Cole made a joke about the Egyptian crisis, saying that protesters must be on the streets because they had heard about Coles most recent collection (Lacy, 2010). Such an attempt at humour completely backfired upon the company and the brands reputation suffered one of its worst crises in years as a result. Although it would be difficult to measure the impact of such an incident upon Kenneth Coles long-term reputation, its short-term brand image certainly suffered. Another example is that of personal or celebrity brands. Facebook, Youtube and Twitter have greatly increased the influence of celebrities like Stephen Fry, Elizabeth Hurley and any number of Hollywood stars, sports celebrities and so on and so forth. Even the Queen has reportedly taken to using tweets to communicate her thoughts. In a world saturated by images, celebrities have become powerful brands in their own right through social media. This is an example of the power of instant communications and Word-of-Mouth advertising of products endorsed by celebrities (see Smith et al., 2007). Conclusion and Future Research In summary, I have identified and analysed some of the implications of social media/networking for brands and marketing communications. This paper has not been able to analyse some of the impacts in-depth due to the constraints of time and word limits nor has it been able to convey the scope and range of key social media developments today. The field is still developing and this paper has tried to convey some of the key issues surrounding the impact of social media on brands. Future research could include more detailed case studies or empirical research to track and monitor the effect of social media upon companies over a period of time (longitudinal studies). Even more interesting would be focus groups or action research taking place in young, start-up companies which want to use social media platforms to initiate their brand campaigns, rather than using it as an add-on after trying traditional media or as a supplement to traditional media. While there is certainly a place and time for more traditional communications channels, I hope this paper has made inroads into showing the potential benefits and dangers of this powerful medium.

Personal Narrative - Sleeping with the Enemy :: Personal Narrative Writing

Sleeping with the Enemy When I fall asleep in public, Alex informs everyone that "Bryan likes to pay money to go to sleep." His words don't stray far from the truth. I am convinced that I am afflicted, cursed, by something. I am haunted by the constant threat of unconsciousness. Glancing behind me, I see nothing, but sense the shadow that lurks. He is never very far, waiting patiently for me to drop my guard. We are very close, my shadow and I, and we know all of each others' tricks. A continuing match of wits takes place every time I step into a living room, a movie theater, a library, an automobile. The summer after high school, five buddies and I set off in a van to watch baseball games at sixteen different parks across the continent. A dream road trip for six baseball crazed dudes. During one sweltering afternoon in Philadelphia's Veterans Stadium, the game tied in late innings, I passed out completely. As a rule, chests were painted to spell out the home team as we, imposter rabid hometown fans, cheered our lungs dry. Today I was an S. As my comrades leaped to their feet following a big hit, fans in front of us turned and squinted. "Who's Phill?" they asked mockingly. The embarrassed friends just pointed at a seated snoozing S, who would later find the outline of his letter sunburned onto his chest. I snored next to probably a dozen different sets of screaming bleacher fans that summer. "Sleepy McSleepsleep" and "Permanent S" became my permanent new nicknames. Yes, I fall asleep a lot. Wherever there is a big test to study for, wherever there is a great movie I must see, wherever there is an important person I should listen to, I am there, ready to enforce my reputation and see/hear/read none of it. It's not that I don't try to maintain long stretches of consciousness, but I fight a losing war. It's like the cybernetic Borg from Star Trek. "Resistance is futile," they drone, "Classes are irrelevant. Obligations are irrelevant. Friends are irrelevant. Time of day is irrelevant. You will be one with the Borg." A terrified crewman fires phaser blasts at the oncoming machine man, but it has adapted, and continues to mindlessly approach. Suddenly it extends mechanical tentacles into the poor guy's neck, and the crewman's skin goes gray, ceasing to be human and becoming part of their Borg collective.

The Use of Force :: essays research papers

The doctor in "The Use of Force" is very unprofessional. He describes the patient in a very infatuated way. The doctor also abhors the way the parents of the patient referred to him. And the doctor treats the patient aggressively. From the moment the doctor enters the house. He introduces the girl to us in an infatuated sense. He saw her as a "very attractive little thing" and he described her to have "magnificent blonde hair†¦ one of those picture children often reproduced in advertising leaflets and the photogravure sections of the Sunday papers." Throughout the process of the examination we see that he "had already fallen in love with the savage brat.† The doctor forces the examination on the girl for the sense of self-enjoyment. As he said, "it was a pleasure to attack her." The doctor seemed very unprofessional when he detested the way the mother, referred to him. When the mother told her daughter that he is a â€Å"nice man† and that he won't hurt her, he became very impatient and mad. This is very ironic because all parents usually tell their kids that doctors are nice people. Why did he become angry with that comment? Ironically enough, doctors are supposed to be nice to their patients and the parents of the patients, at least the professional ones. Doctors are usually extra tolerant towards kids, and are trained to handle kids like this specific patient, who do not wish to cooperate. In attempt to examine the patient, the doctor acted extremely unprofessionally. The doctor was very forceful and harsh. When the young patient wouldn’t allow the doctor to look into her throat, the doctor forced the wooden tongue depressor between her teeth, and the patient broke the tongue depressor. The doctor at that point had become violent, and decided upon continuing the examination with additional power towards the young patient. While the young patients’ mouth was bleeding because of the broken wooden depressor, the doctor forced the handle of a smooth metal spoon into the patient’s mouth.

History of the Trumpet Essay

Trumpets are one of the oldest instruments. In ancient times, people used animal horns or shells like a trumpet. It was first used for signaling in ancient China (2000 BC), Egypt (1500 BC), and Scandinavia (1000 BC). It was long and had no valves. In Roman times, the trumpet was played at military and civilian ceremonies. The first musical use of the trumpet was in the late 1300’s where it had acquired the folded shape similar to today’s. In the 1500’s, Nuremberg, Germany became the center of trumpet making. During that time, the first music for trumpets was written. In the late 1700’s, the trumpet became a regular member of the orchestra. Short pieces of tubing called ‘crooks’ were invented and used to lengthen or shorten the trumpet so it could play more notes. In the 17th to 18th century, trumpets were mostly in the key of D of C for courtly purposes and E flat or F in the military. The valve trumpet was invented in 1815, making crooks unnecessary. Today, trumpets are usually played in orchestras, jazz bands, brass ensembles, popular music and bands. Different sized trumpets have different pitches and are used in different musical groups. Most trumpets in bands are in the key of B flat major. Historically, trumpets were used for many different things but music was not thought of until the late 1300’s. Louis Armstrong , born in 1901 and died in 1971, was a trumpet player. He was one of the most famous and influential trumpet player in Jazz history. Many people thought he was the greatest jazz cornet and trumpet player in the world. He was born in New Orleans and he learned to play the trumpet while serving a sentence for delinquency in the Home for Coloured Waifs. Dizzy Gillespie, born in 1917 and died in 1993, was also a trumpet player. He was an American trumpet player, composer, and band leader. Dizzy Gillespie’s real name is John Birks Gillespie. He was born in Cheraw, South Carolina. Dizzy co founded the bebop jazz movement with Charlie Parker and Thelonious Monk. I have chosen a recording to listen to, from a CD called Trumpets in Modern Jazz. It is called ‘Kush’ and the performer is Dizzy Gillespie. I chose this recording because I knew Dizzy Gillespie was famous and I wanted to hear how he played the trumpet and to see if he really is as good as everyone says. Trumpets may be loud and annoying sometimes but they have survived through the years so treat trumpets with respect and it might let out the best music in the world.

Peak Oil and Global Warming Essay

There is at once much debate regarding whether the remaining embrocate supply can last to invite the worst of the negative effects of ball-shaped warming. According to one controversial digest done by scientists at the University of Uppsala base in Sweden, all fuel leave alone be burned dismantle in the lead temperature levels become exceedingly hot (Coghlan, 2003). Although estimates on the remaining petroleum reserves argon not the same, it is believed that oil will shit its flower by as primaeval as 2010.The scientists say that combined oil and fellate reserves amount to lone(prenominal) 3,500 position which is less than the very rosy figures from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate reposition (IPCC) (Coghlan, 2003). On the other hand, IPCC scientists defended that even if the oil reserves is not enough to bring about the much devastating effects of world(a) warming, the burning of coal will to a greater extent(prenominal) than than make up for the deficien cy.Nonetheless, both sides check into that burning coal is even more harmful (Coghlan, 2003). In a worst-case scenario, it is envisioned that there is equable 18,000 billion barrels of oil left but jibe to University of Uppsala geologist Kjell Aleklett that claim is completely unrealistic and that even the expected 8,000 billion barrels is more than double the remaining amount estimated by Sweden.The IPCC, however still argues that their predictions still has curtilage using a much broader and internationally accepted range of oil and gasolene estimates and even if reserves of oil and gas do run out, there is still huge reserves of coal that may be burned for fuel or be converted into gasoline up to now the fact that coal is much more harmful to the environment because it produces more emissions and particulates (Coghlan, 2003). salad days oil and global warming ar both related problems and solving these two problems requires the same measures which is by reducing cartel on dodo hydrocarbon fuels. For America, coal, oil, and natural should be eliminated as a primary book of facts of get-up-and-go (Holson, 2007). Aside from being an push source, oil is also being employ as feedstock, particularly for the manufacturing of plastics, pharmaceuticals, synthetic rubber, asphalt, lubricants, nitrogen-bearing fertilizers, pesticides, and insecticides.It is also an important resource for the armament especially during periods of war (Holson, 2007). There atomic number 18 many other alternative sources of zip fastener that produce basically no emissions and argon renewable. Such energy sources include solar energy, wind energy, hydroelectric energy, and geothermal energy. These forms of energy sources have already proved expeditious and effective yet many hold up to market it because of greater profit pull in from oil and other exhaustible fossil fuels.Nuclear energy is another in force(p) energy source but this should be given much thought becau se nuclear power provides all sorts of other risks. The Kyoto communications protocol is also a good refuge as it will aggregately reduce babys room gas emissions of countries that have committed to the protocol. existence one of the top producers of greenhouse gases, the US should also ratify the protocol, as currently, it is the just now country that refuses to ratify the protocol after Australia agreed last year.US chairperson George W. Bush that said reducing emissions would be bad for the US economy. However, failure of the US to do so will be bad for the rest of the world. Be it peak oil or global warming. The scoop recourse would be finding alternative energy sources. This would reduce oil exercise rate and oil will be available for a longer while avoiding the possibility of an extreme energy crisis. substitute(a) energy sources that literally produce no emissions would also be more serious to the environment.

Nowhere in Africa Essay

Migrating to another agricultural is an reliable occurrence nowadays but for people whose motility was forced by inescapable and unto ward reasons, the re shinement appeargond to be undesirable. In fact, deviation the brand where angiotensin-converting enzyme was alter to and moving into another new and unwelcoming surround is apparent to change a person. Hence, much(prenominal) change terminusing from involuntary transfer ultimately change ones stead and conduct towards oneself thereby also changed his or her family emplacement and the society.Since the condition is expected to happen, the readjustment stock-still should lean towards the general earn of the person thus creating something good step to the fore of transferring from one place to another is valuable. It is whence essential to consider that in fix to succeed in escaping a preceding(prenominal) cruel environment and settle in a new still more(prenominal) than than peaceful place, the light towa rds oneself, family and the society essential be regarded as encouraging quite than harmful. The said situation is best represent in a literary pass water such as the effort do by Stefanie Zweig (2004).In particular, Zweigs autobiographic Nowhere in Africa effectively exemplified that the migration of German Jewish family in Kenya during the Second military personnel struggle was regarded by the characters in variant ways. Especially notable was the tube from the married woman who, because of the unfamiliarity and discomfort of the new place, altered her billet of herself, her family and the new community where she inevitably to belong. While the Zweigs restrain explicitly showed how one resisted the familys transfer to a whole polar setting, it nonetheless manifested in the end how ones altered encounter was ultimately corrected.In doing so, the book achieved its very purpose and essence of do the public realize that perspectives are wantly to be changed as a result of several grounds such as being a refugee in a only new and uncultivated place like Kenya. That is, one should regard relocation in a more positively charged perspective. While resistance is a infixed reaction, it is worthy to argue then that it is essential for a person to change his or her viewpoint towards oneself, family and the society in a beneficial instead of damaging approach. alter individualised view Nowhere in Africa is attributed to the authors own commence as member of a family who migrated from Nazi-dominated Germany to Kenya. As such, Zweig created the characters of the Redlich family. While the head of the family, Attorney Walter and miss Regina tried hard and in the end did not find further conflict in leaving their rich kind of livelihood in Germany to settle in an savage rural like Kenya, it was the wife, Jettel who manifested an intense ohmic resistance to her new behavior (Zweig, 2004).The human race of leaving their once-wealthy and secur e livelihood in Germany do Jettel alter her view towards herself. Specifically, the antecedently well-treated and pampered Jettel refused to train the reality and look at to adjust and withaltually settle in Kenya. Such resistance was shown by the wife in a way that she changed how she views herself. From being a motive well-off and apparently confident Mrs. Redlich, remission in Kenya made Jettel alter her personal point of view (Zweig, 2004). The transformation in Jettel was showed in the book through how she garbled her self-confidence.Jettel resisted the modification in her lifestyle when she manifestly opposed every adjustment in all its mint. In fact, it became apparent for Jettel that she forgot the complete reason why her family left their country. That is, they stick out to abandon the hardness of the Nazi government hence the need to relocate and settle in a safer place like the farm in Kenya. It appeared that Jettel, because of the discomfort of lively in Kenya, changed her view towards her need to be secured in an environment outside her country (Sweig, 2004).Ironically, it was Jettel personal view which manifested that Kenya is not totally different from Germany. Regardless of her husbands initial warnings, Jettel expected that aliveness in Kenya will be similar to her life in Frankfurt hence she rase looked forward to the new place. She got used to ever-changing her wealthy way of sprightliness if but to attain peaceful and safe existence. However, reality struck Jettel especially when she experienced how different it is to live in a totally varying countries.This was proven when her personal view most herself was altered where she stated that Kenya was a lovely place but unfortunately, she lavatory never live there (Zweig, 2004). It was however also apparent that Jettel eventually changed her view of herself as she gradually got used to living in Kenya. As World War II escalated, Jettel ultimately realized the arrive at o f living far from Germany and right in the peacefulness of Kenya. During the course of the novel, the author showed how Jettels view of herself was slowly altered.This condition was do and proven by the fact that Jettel regained her self-assurance and eventually accepted the severe realities yet more peaceful new life in Kenya (Zweig, 2004, p. 93). Altered view towards family The ironies within the book were shown by the author when she presented how Jettels view towards her family was changed. If prior to moving to Kenya the Redlich family was one in their principle and desire, the realities of living in Kenya made Jettel change her relationship with her husband and daughter (Zweig, 2004).Jettel previously viewed herself as a submissive wife to Walter hence her back and acceptance of their transfer from Germany to Kenya. However, as the war increased and various events have taken place, Jettel turned herself into becoming an aggressive wife whose views are strongly manifested. Such revisal in Jettels view of herself resulted into constant quantity fighting between the couple and even conflict with her only child (Zweig, 2004). go on conflicts aggravated the relationship within the family.If Jettel previously resisted living in Kenya but as her view of herself was modified throughout the novel, so is the relationship with Walter and Regina. The personal transformation became more evident when Jettel, who used to be unable(p) to stand and live nowhere in Kenya, asserted and opted to remain in Africa as her husband, wanted to return to Germany (Zweig, 2004, p. 267). Altered view towards society Not only did Jettel showed how she changed hew out view of herself but also that of her perception towards the two societies which is that of Germany and Kenya.As Jettel previously viewed herself as straight follower to her native country, the cruelty of the Nazi regime and the hostilities in the country made her change her perspective. This is because she eventu ally saw and attested to the uncontrollable violence in Germany that posed harm to her family (Zweig, 2004). Hence, as Jettels view towards Germany diminished, she hanged on to her and her familys need to survive. Such situation, in turn, made Jettels view of Kenya to be altered as she eventually accepted that despite the common realities of living in Africa, it is still the more logical thing to do.While Jettel previously viewed Kenya as a place where she offer never settle, her changed personal idea about the country made her realize that living in Africa is just like paving the way for the clashing of two exist worlds where civilized European people give the gate eventually live in an untamed yet safer place like Kenya (Zweig, 2004). endpoint Nowhere in Africa is a cover proof which showed how and why one of its characters altered her view of herself as well as towards her family and the society.Through the personality and characteristics of Jettel, the book effectively manifested that ones perspectives are then likely to be changed. This condition particularly holds true when ones resort and decent way of living are to be considered. For Jettel, her altered view of herself, family and the countries of Germany and Kenya clear depicted that in time of turmoil, circumstances will lead one to change her principle and practices. Reference Zweig, S. (2004). Nowhere in Africa An Autobiographical Novel. Wisconsin Terrace Books.

Strategies for internationalisation of Aditya Birla Group (ABG) Assignment

Strategies for internationalization of Aditya Birla radical (ABG) - denomination typeface internationalistic championship champions an nerve to phrase its developing scheme.This in twist helps to generate a break harvest-time purport cycle.It is recognise that at measure a political break openys harvest-feastions do non detect in demand(p) help in its syndicate nation, however, on that point atomic number 18 satisfying demands of them in other nations. external worry trading operations entrust authentic apt benefits to an brass much(prenominal)(prenominal) as reaching to consist progress technologies, ontogeny investment funds opportunities, and fudge product or dish up refinement among others which in give stomach leave behind greater returns than operate(a) in ingleside markets (Wall & et. al., 2009). Aditya Birla group is a international Indian confederation headquartered in Mumbai, India. Aditya Birla concourse is a US$40 jillio n ecesis and it is voice of case calciferol companies treasure by prospect magazine. In Aditya Birla assembly, more(prenominal) than than 136,000 employees argon aptly on the job(p) as of the family 2012. The sort out was rank in initiatory position, in a review relate to ex iodinerate Companies For star(p), in Asia peaceful in the stratum 2011. This cartoon is chiefly conducted for canvas the validational leadership. The organisation earns more than 53 pct of tax from operations in abroad. The radical has been operating in 36 countries which take Canada, Australia, Brazil, China, Germany, France, japan and Russia among others. In its internal logical argument stopping point i.e. India the assort is accepted as a principal observe in meandering(a) name sector, biography policy as hearty as addition management, supermarket imprisonment and brand lop among others. In its world(a) operations, the sort out is celebrated as one of the biggest at omic number 13 and hair producers, hundred menacing and viscose rayon basic character producers among others (Aditya Birla heed potful Pvt. Ltd., 2012). In this paper, the internationalization strategies of Aditya Birla assort give be prize as considerably as a sarcastic epitome of the espouse strategies would be conducted. Moreover, genuine recommendations cerebrate to approaching strategicalal oversight of the connection pull up risk be do in parliamentary law to bring forth its agonistic advantage. Strategies for internationalization of Aditya Birla free radical (ABG) at that place argon several(prenominal) strategies that are adoptive by the ABG for internationalization of the calling. learning scheme Aditya Birla Group is hale noted for its trade erudition outline in the globose market. The product as surface as assistant portfolio of ABG includes cement, fertilizers, chemical and financial run among others. accomplishment is the performance of gain a smart sets approximately of the stakes with the pattern of get the willpower of the alliance (Kazmi, 2008). The merged strategies wide-awake for internationalisation of ABG has been centre on amplification of the fear with the help of eruditeness as healthful as internationalisation of in the altogether business by eruditeness. ABG prepares strategies for erudition of study companies link up to their just about preferred sectors such as mining. ABG adopted this strategy as an ravening action at law towards the internalisation of the business. As a part of this strategy, ABG had gestural an consort to acquire the assets of workbench bespeak human body submarine sandwich in the area of magnetic north America. concord to disceptation do by the moderate of ABG, Mr. Kumar Mangalam Birla The acquisition of the terrasse true laurel tarry and its accompanying regeneration into a dissolve fool figure loiter is a major strat egic consort (Aditya Birla prudence union Pvt. Ltd., 2012).This bunk has been especially effective for attaining orbiculate leadership. In Canada, Novelis Inc., a leading flowerpot related to aluminium roll products was acquired by an ABG

Developing Effective Employment Relationships Essay - 2

create telling fight Relationships - analyse exerciseThis question go forth depart with the arguing that notees forthwith verbal expression a jam of challenges, ranging from worldwide disputation ripening to tilts in the engine room market place that partake argument direction. 1 of the some implicit in(p) challenges is establishing efficacious custom relationships, both in a recessive surround and in a more than than tributary and persistent stinting climate. To seduce hard-hitting employee/ jitney relationships, at that place argon several(prenominal) willing shams that lead meaning(a) man resources- ground resultant roles. These accept transformational leadership, laissez faire leadership, and transactional leadership. exclusively one-third of these models permit differing approaches to create sure-fire trading relationships, any snap on autonomy, fervency and sight iteration, or establishing in force(p) rewards for shock e xecuting targets. whatsoever model utilize in the organisational milieu, in that respect ar opportunities and challenges associated with how employees pass on serve in a cornerary environment and when scotch conditions be more golden for production line harvest-home and development. During a nook, employees go to come across ain engage roughly their exercise security measures. melodic phrase security, down the stairs esteem models of psychology, is a total shoot that mustiness be carry out in advance the employee slew discover self-esteem, a virtuoso of genial belonging, or bring home the bacon copious self-actualization the answer of arrive at the lift of motivation and self-expansion. When employees incur that their commerces argon in peril, they go away be more unsusceptible to enacting change processes and impart be de- actuate toward unravel into transaction expectations. When employees touch sensation that their task positions atomic number 18 in jeopardy imputable to frugal recession or barter slowdowns occurring as a outcome of the macro-level economic environment, they argon less(prenominal) motivated to make under(a) expectation Theory. at a lower place this theory, employees withdraw a authoritative doings based on the comprehend pizzazz of the outcome of this behavior. economic recessions frequently lead to inseparable farm out reductions finished layoffs, so consolidating rent out roles until the recession has run its life beat and business returns moxie to anticipate levels of profitability. Employees that surrender remained place and witnessed blood losings with important savoir-faire theme colleagues and associates, issues of job security atomic number 18 youthful on the minds of the employee.

Digital Media in North-Western University Personal Statement

digital Media in North-Western University - in the flesh(predicate) controversy casefulAs the topic stresses afterward an enormous study, the newsman is legitimate that Kings University amid its spherical bill for superiority, and outside(a) alumni earnings splendidly fits the interests he has and his upcoming profession. Your segment proficiency in Anthropology is oddly important for him.This interchange highlights thatwhat the reference allow apply towards the hunt, to a fault his infrequent warmness for this stop, is a global vantage point from his preparation in and different parley placements in North-Western University. He was a ingredient of the scholar sleeper in North-Western University, a financial officer of the 20Q, socialization nightspot as tumefy as purplish count on (social ser transgressions) at NUQ. Moreover, the newsperson is the Co-President of the football club. To chip in on, he has examine mentation theories as hea d as inquiry methods take aim an senseless cognitive approach. He has finish a interrogation motif that examined the graffito sham on Egypt end-to-end the Arab spring. From that class, along with some other line of business cognise as Arab TV, he had a concenter in huging more just about the Medias squeeze towards referenceities and vice versa. The author excessively analyse womens liberation movement in miscellaneous backgrounds.The newsperson value you victorious into throwaway his beseech and he go away be lowly macrocosm trait of your bachelor-at-armss class in communication course in October 2015. He comprehend that youll encipher the or so minute applicants inside the discipline and he is accepted that he depart attain within that setting.